Nanoscale optimization of green concrete

This work package involves new developments and careful understanding of the nanostructure of the hydration products and the complex deterioration reactions including assessment of innovative solutions through the photocatalytic activities of TiO2. The envisioned optimization involves nanoscale characterization using scanning transmission soft x-ray (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley and similar but smaller facilities in Singapore, mechanical and durability studies of the optimized green concrete, and total lifecycle cost analysis. The major accomplishments are mainly for development of building materials that are energy efficient, applicable to existing and future buildings in warm and humid tropics, and contribute to sustainable urban environment. They include: